JavaServer Pages

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Adobe ColdFusion is a rapid web application development platform that uses its own scripting language, ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML). It's designed to make it easier to connect simple HTML pages to a database, allowing developers to quickly build dynamic websites and web applications. ColdFusion provides a high level of abstraction over lower-level languages and offers features like easy database integration, XML parsing, and web services consumption. It's particularly popular in enterprise environments and for building data-driven websites.

Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is an open-source set of tools that allows web developers to create and maintain complex JavaScript front-end applications in Java. GWT emphasizes reusable, efficient solutions to recurring Ajax challenges, allowing developers to create high-performance web applications without being experts in browser quirks, XMLHttpRequest, or JavaScript. It includes a Java-to-JavaScript compiler, a robust set of widgets and panels, and tools for optimizing and tuning applications. While not as widely used as it once was, GWT still has a place in enterprise Java development.

JavaServer Faces (JSF) is a Java-based web application framework intended to simplify development of user interfaces for Java EE applications. It uses a component-based approach to web development, allowing developers to build UIs with reusable components. JSF follows a model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern and provides a rich set of UI components, state management, event handling, input validation, and page navigation. It's particularly popular in enterprise Java environments and integrates well with other Java EE technologies.

ThinkPHP is an open-source PHP framework developed and maintained by the Shanghai Topthink Company. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural pattern and is designed to be lightweight, simple, and fast. ThinkPHP is particularly popular in China and is known for its ease of use and rapid development capabilities. It provides features like an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) system, template engine, and various tools for common web development tasks. ThinkPHP aims to minimize configuration and maximize convention, making it easier for developers to build web applications quickly.