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ThinkPHP is an open-source PHP framework developed and maintained by the Shanghai Topthink Company. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architectural pattern and is designed to be lightweight, simple, and fast. ThinkPHP is particularly popular in China and is known for its ease of use and rapid development capabilities. It provides features like an ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) system, template engine, and various tools for common web development tasks. ThinkPHP aims to minimize configuration and maximize convention, making it easier for developers to build web applications quickly.

Neos Flow (formerly TYPO3 Flow) is a powerful PHP web application framework designed for creating scalable and robust applications. It follows modern development principles like domain-driven design, command query responsibility segregation, and aspect-oriented programming. Flow provides a comprehensive set of features including dependency injection, a powerful object-relational mapper, and a flexible MVC architecture. It's particularly well-suited for complex, enterprise-level applications and serves as the foundation for the Neos Content Management System.

Adobe ColdFusion is a rapid web application development platform that uses its own scripting language, ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML). It's designed to make it easier to connect simple HTML pages to a database, allowing developers to quickly build dynamic websites and web applications. ColdFusion provides a high level of abstraction over lower-level languages and offers features like easy database integration, XML parsing, and web services consumption. It's particularly popular in enterprise environments and for building data-driven websites.

Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is an open-source set of tools that allows web developers to create and maintain complex JavaScript front-end applications in Java. GWT emphasizes reusable, efficient solutions to recurring Ajax challenges, allowing developers to create high-performance web applications without being experts in browser quirks, XMLHttpRequest, or JavaScript. It includes a Java-to-JavaScript compiler, a robust set of widgets and panels, and tools for optimizing and tuning applications. While not as widely used as it once was, GWT still has a place in enterprise Java development.

Play Framework is an open-source web application framework written in Scala and Java which follows the model-view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern. It aims to optimize developer productivity by using convention over configuration, hot code reloading, and display of errors in the browser. Play supports asynchronous programming patterns, making it suitable for building scalable, reactive applications. It integrates well with both Java and Scala ecosystems and provides features like built-in testing support, database access layers, and RESTful APIs out of the box.